Reference Values

• Specific gravity: 1.003-1.030
• pH: "Urine pH is affected by diet, medications, systemic acid-base disturbances, and renal tubular function. pH may affect urinary stone formation. For example, urine pH below 6.0 may help reduce the tendency for calcium phosphate stones and pH greater than 6.0 may reduce the tendency for uric acid stone formation.

 Information obtained from Mayo Medical Laboratories test catalog 2/20/18."

• Protein: negative
• Glucose: negative
• Ketones: negative
• Bilirubin: negative
• Blood: negative
• Urobilinogen: <2.0 mg/dL
• Nitrites: negative
• Leukocyte esterase: negative

Literature References:

1. Henry JB, et al. Clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2001:1432-34.
2. Brunzel NA. Fundamentals of urine and body fluid analysis. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2004:419.